Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) free essay sample

Degeneration of nervous system. Symptoms, theories on cause, research, types. The initial symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are typically observed in the distal portions of the body such as the hands and feet. The symptoms then slowly spread to the more proximal portions of the body including the trunk and neck. When the disease has begun to spread to these areas, the bulbar functions of speaking, swallowing and breathing begin to be affected. These body functions are named as such because they are controlled by the motor neurons found in the bulb-like portion of the brain stem.

Definition of Communism Essays - Socialism, Communism, Free Essays

Definition of Communism Essays - Socialism, Communism, Free Essays Colin S. Innes English 1A (083) 04/21/2015 Definition of Communism Many people might consider Communism as the root of all evil and perhaps the worst system of government. Countries like the United States have spent countless amount of time, effort and money to stop the spread and influence of Communism on the home soil and around the world. Despite freedom being mostly associated with democracy, the abuse of democracy rights could also lead to disastrous events. The most infamous event in the history of the United States in the 20th century was the McCarthyism which is also known as the Red Scare. The event can be considered as the 20th century witch hunt. The whole story happened when Joseph McCarthy was senator for the Republican party. Joseph Mccarthy accused thousands of Americans of being Communists. During the period of mid-20th century, communism is portrayed as the evil enemy of Americans. Many innocent American people were charged guilty and alienated from their community and some were even put into jails. Many famous Hollywood actors were also put into the Hollywood blacklist, which means they would not be able to go back to Hollywood anymore, despite the horrible fact that many assertions were pure speculations. Americas obsession with liberty and democracy ironically restricted individual freedom as much or more so than Communism in many other countries. However, there are many scenarios where Communism has largely benefited people on the other side of the world. The successful revolution of China can be a perfect example of how Communism can bring wealth and strength to the nation. Advocates of democracy might argue that the economic failure of both Cuba and Cambodia have been the result of blindly following the Communist system. The fact is, neither of the two countries have followed the true definition of Communism. Both countries leaders, Khmer Rouge and Ral Castro revolutionized their system to Authoritarianism. The importance of the Communist system should not always be viewed as a negative impact, but as th e alternative way to benefit other countries. Communism is a theory originated by a German Philosopher, Karl Marx. His idea is that everyone in the society receives equal amount of shares of the benefits by freeing all lower class of the society from poverty and shortening the gap between low and middle class people. This idea is implemented to help lower-class people to have the opportunity to rise up and have the same amount of profits as that of middle class people. Many Superpowers in the world such as the Peoples Republic of China and Russia are all based on the Communist system. Without the rule under Communism, both countries would probably be in total chaos. If people in the country had to provide food and shelter for themselves, many problems would appear such as poverty, starvation and diseases. The country survives through the help of government and is rising up dramatically both in terms of economy and peoples standard of living. Three aspects of Communism are what makes Communism different from other systems. Common ownership of property- replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership. Same social rank-which makes everyone in the society receive equal shares of the benefits. This also benefits the lower-class people to make more money and close the gap between the wealthy and the poor. Ownership of land by the government- all means of productions are controlled by the state. Common ownership of property is the single most important aspect of Communism. It means that all organizations,enterprises or communities are held indivisibly rather than individual members in the country. This aspect of Communism has created many more job opportunities for citizens in the country as well as stability for the nation itself. Because many developing countries such as China, Cuba and Vietnam do not have stable economies, by adopting the idea of Common ownership of property, it could dramatically decrease the risk of economic depression basically for three reasons. First, many people in the country usually do not have sufficient funds to open up their own businesses and many people could not purchase enough goods to meet the standard consumptions for their businesses. Thus, they are most likely to encounter hardships in the future. However,

The difference between popular history and the hard facts of the Essay

The difference between popular history and the hard facts of the sexual revolution - Essay Example The sexual revolution of 1960s set a new stage for sexuality as observed in the current society. In popular history, advocates for sexuality rooted heterosexual relationship in which men had a say in the overall relationship. In this perspective, heterosexuality is the accepted form of union that people should have. The tradition also defined the voice of a woman in the relationship. Feminist and other critics argued that the perception of sexuality in the tradition or the Victorian age promoted selfish interest of the male as opposed to the female (Lynch 96). Largely, men could enter into polygamous relationship while women had to remain faithful to their partners. While sexuality in the popular history favored the interest of the heterosexuality, acts such masturbation or homosexuality were also present. Some historians and sociologists have observed that masturbation and other homosexual activities are not new versions in the society, but their amplification resulted from the sexual revolution (Lynch 97). In popular history, the male influenced sexuality by dictating when to have or not to have sexual intimacy on the contrary the sexual revolution has influenced the ability of women to make choices of the sexual partners. For along time, the society considered women who proposed any sexual relationship as immoral or did not observe the societal precept. The revolution did not only change the choice that women make when it comes to choosing sexual partners but also when to engage in the act. In this sense, the sexual relation opened a window for women to make choices for the relationship. Women have used the opportunity to enter and terminate relationship with victimization. In the past victimization was a common phenomenon especially, when women took bold steps to propose a sexual relationship with the male counterpart. In popular history, multiple sexual partners was a preserve for men whereas the

Design and Implementation a Web-based System for Manipulating Internal Dissertation

Design and Implementation a Web-based System for Manipulating Internal Administration Tasks - Dissertation Example With the upsurge in the application of IT in virtually all sectors today, it is essential that such management and administration practices are put in control to enhance efficiency. This is a report on a web application that enables workers to collaborate efficiently on various projects within the company. In this web application, all the personnel in the company handling various projects are entered as users. All the users have access to the entire team through advanced search techniques. The web application also caters for the payments database administered by the finance officer. There is an additional package that caters for plans related to the employees’ holidays.. There is an additional Voice over Internet server, created in Asterisk that will be used to manage calls within the company, and also manage conferences. The report includes a discussion of the research undertaken in developing this application, the design and design parameters of the system. A literature revi ew of the various existing and related systems has also been done. From a study of the various systems used to manage companies internally, the web application seeks to correct various flaws, and establish efficiency, as will be explained in this report. Contents Acknowledgements 1 I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Mohammed Saraee for his continued support, time and motivation throughout this project. I would also to thank my parents, family and friends for their constant support and inspiration throughout this project. 1 I would like to thank all the people who gave up their time and provided suggestions and constant feedbacks throughout the process. 1 Abstract 2 Contents 3 1.1 Project Motivation 6 1.1.1 Supervisor motivation 6 1.1.2 Personal motivation 7 1.2 Requirements Analysis 8 1.3 Aims & Objectives 8 1.3.1 Project Description 8 1.4 Approach Adopted in Undertaking Project 8 1.4.1 Research 8 1.4.2 Testing 9 1.5 Project Plan 10 1.6 Outline of Report 10 2.0 BACKGROUND AND L ITERATURE SURVEY 12 2.1 Benefits of the proposed system 12 2.2 Disadvantages of the current system 14 2.3 Requirements of the proposed system 15 2.3.1 Accuracy 16 2.3.1 Transparency and fairness 17 2.3.3 Integration with other systems 18 2.4 Phases in the system implementation 18 2.4.1 Assessment 18 2.4.2 Planning 19 2.4.3 System design 20 2.4.4 Implementation 21 2.4.5 Maintenance and updating 23 3.0 Specification and Design 25 3.1The requirements phase 25 3.1.1 Software requirements 25 3.1.2 Hardware requirements 25 3.1.3 Project requirements 25 3.2 Design of the internal administration website 27 3.2.1 Platform 27 3.2.2 Model View Controller 28 3.2.3 CodeIgniter 29 3.2.3Tools and Languages used in the system 29 3.2.4Systems architecture 30 3.3 Use case diagram 32 3.5 database Schema 33 3.6 codes used in the program (Those that stand out) 33 3.6.1 Model 33 3.6.2 Controller 34 3.6.3 View 35 3.6.4 Database insertion (Model) 36 3.6.5 Deleting from the database 38 3.6.6 Authentication 39 Chapter 4: Development and Implementation 39 4.1 Technologies applied 40 4.2 functional implementation 41 4.2.1 Application building in CodeIgniter 41 Chapter 5: Testing 45 5.1Beta testing 45 5.2 Security testing 46 5.2.1Password Cracking 46 5.2.2 SQL Injection 46 5.2.3 Cross site scripting 47 5.2.4 URL Manipulation; 47 Chapter 6: walk through the system 48 6.1Profile

Management and Organisational Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management and Organisational Learning - Essay Example Organisational leaders are designers, stewards and teachers and are responsible for building organisations where people continually expand their capabilities to understand complexity, clarify vision, and improve shared mental models (Senge 1990). Senge’s concept of learning organisation also described it as, â€Å"organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free and where people continually learn how to learn together,† (cited in Robbins et al 2003). From the above definitions, it can be noted that there is a strong correlation between the ideas of the major proponents of this concept. Both of them talk about learning in an organisation with an aim of transforming that particular organisation in order to have positive growth. For instance, in this particular case, the different levels of Senge’s concept include the following, individual level which is characterised by mental models and personal mastery then group level which is followed by organisational level which is made up of systems thinking and shared vision. Senge argues that learning organisations are innovations based on gradual convergence of all five disciplines. Learning to learn is about creativity and innovation, which is about creating positive change rather than adapting to change. This structure bears testimony that learning in an organisation is seen as something that is carefully designed with the aim of achieving particular goals. According to this definition, learning is no longer restricted to individual experience but has become teamwork which requires new and innovative ways of learning and managing performance improvement. It can thus be seen that exchange of information is central to the process of learning organisation where it should be encouraged and nurtured for positive results in improving performance. In

Solid Waste Management Techniques For Jalgaon City Environmental Sciences Essay

Solid Waste Management Techniques For Jalgaon City Environmental Sciences Essay Solid waste management in India has become a major environmental issue of study increasing environmental concerns and interest in material and energy conservation have lead to increasing advancement in management of solid waste over the past two decades. This paper attempts to put together available information and analyze the problem of solid waste. Proper management of solid municipal waste can play an important role in generation of social, economic and environmental benefits. This paper revolves around the urban solid waste also outlines a solid waste management in Jalgaon city. This paper discusses various future projections for estimating the growth of MSW and the impact of such growth. This paper concludes about collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste for Jalgaon city. The conclusion and recommendation will helpful in disposing of solid waste in scientific manner for Jalgaon City. Keywords: Solid waste management, Environmental issues, future projections. INTRODUCTION In last few years in Jalgaon city the increase in solid waste management plays significant role. This is because of rapid economic development and rapid increase in population in Jalgaon city. This trend is due to change in the living standards of Indian peoples, changing lifestyle and food habits. The municipal council in Jalgaon city therefore, facing the problem of reinforcing their available manpower, equipments and machineries for excellent municipal solid waste management. Solid waste management is undoubtedly an increasingly important element in terms of efficiency and profitability for any municipality, particularly in Jalgaon City. Its especially complex dimension is a result not only of the direct relationship with a number of factors that originate the living standard of a society, but also of our continuously rising consuming lifestyle which analogically enhances the existing operational difficulties. Waste collection transportation is one of the major parts of the process of solid waste management which consists of generation, collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal [3]. It is statistically proved that a major proportion of the total cost for solid waste management is spent into municipal solid waste collection transportation and disposal. Having pinpointed the economic significance of waste collection transportation and disposal, it is equally important to underline that it is also one of the most difficult operational probl ems faced by local authorities in Jalgaon city. The sheer enormity of the project dictates that well organized, well managed teams perform the necessary duties on a daily basis, in order to sustain the demanding hygienic standards that are expected by the Jalgaon citys residents. URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Due to rapid industrialization in urban areas huge quantity of municipal solid waste and e-waste is generated. During the mid seventies the per capita solid waste generated lies in between 100 to 350 gm/day for Indian cities whereas in late eighties, it ranges in between 300 to 530 gm/day. Presently the per capita solid waste and e-waste generated daily in developing country like India ranges about 150 gm in small villages to 550 gm in large town [1]. The urban population is currently about one quarter of total population. The collection of waste is tedious problem as house hold waste are thrown outside in the streets and also due to narrow lanes, the smaller vehicles to collect the waste can reach only to the selected accessible points. Hence, unskilled labours are used to sweep the narrow streets and collect the waste and garbage. Though unskilled labours rates are relatively less due to large scale manpower it is estimated that India spends five times as much on sweeping as on refuse collection[2]. Poor motivation of workers, inadequacy of supervisory and management skills at local government levels are leading causes of low productivity. The problem needs to pay attention at proper levels. The three Rs of waste management namely Reduce, Recycle and Recover. The recycling is achieved through kabaries (peoples handling waste) who goes to door to door and collect bottles, broken plastics, metals, waste papers, etc. this material is recycled for manufacturing the secondary product. 2.1 Land filling Like other cities in Jalgaon city most of the waste is used for land filling. The methods followed are not in keeping with modern practices for sanitary land filling. The municipal solid waste is directly dumped on land filling area. This dumping is normally done in depressions which are prone to flooding. Due to this surface water contamination causes due to flooding of such low laying areas and also the ground water pollution causes due to dumping of such waste. Diversion of land for waste disposal is impossible since areas with the largest concentration of solid waste would also be the areas with serious scarcity of vacant lands. This causes ill-effect on the health on the community residing nearby, causes bad odor and the community nearby liable to fear of explosion of methane gas that can accumulated at land fill sites[3], which significantly contributes to global warming. 2.2 Composting The excellent option for solid waste management is composting for urban solid waste in India [4]. The composting may be by aerobic or anaerobic decomposition. In urban solid waste in India a huge quantity of organic content and moisture is present. Conceptually, the idea of composting is appealing as it helps to recycle the nutrients back to the land. Composting process requires segregation of material which is achieved by recycling by kabadies. The composting however still remains strong option for small and medium towns. Semi-mechanized aerobic composting is suitable to reduce the waste volume in the towns. 2.3 Incineration Incineration is the most important treatment method for destruction of all high calorific and highly toxic solid waste. High temperature incineration at 12000C mineralizes all kinds of organic material in solid waste [4]. Nearly 99.99% of various compounds are destructed. Incineration serves dual purpose of reduction of toxicity and the volume of the waste which is an important consideration when the disposal of waste is finally destined for landfills. The technology for incineration is not available indigenously and import options are highly capital intensive. 2.4 Anaerobic digestion [4] For high moisture and organic content of Indian Wastes, the anaerobic digestion is another suitable option. However, there are no ready technologies for processing heterogeneous material such as urban solid waste. The existing methods are suitable to homogeneous materials. The cost of cleaning and separating mixed heterogeneous wastes are likely to be high. A good way to avoid these problems is to intercept suitable wastes at the point of generation before it is mixed with other wastes. Kitchen and vegetable market wastes are largely suited for this purpose. These wastes can be collected and treated at source, if space permits. The resulting bio-gas can be used for captive energy use such as lighting and cooking etc. few bio-gas systems are currently available to treat wastes of fruit and vegetable origin. Though currently unfeasible as a large scale option, bio-gas systems can effectively handle localized and specific wastes and contribute to environment friendly disposal of wastes. THE CASE OF JALGAON CITY The Jalgaon Municipal limit covers an area of 68.24sqkm, out of which 11.45sqkm is the old municipal limit and 56.79sqkm is the extended additional area. This indicates that the Municipal territorial jurisdiction has increased more than four times i.e. from 11.45sqkm to 68.24sqkm. The overall population density of Jalgaon city, according to 2001 census5 is 53.94 inhabitant/hectares. The population of Jalgaon city will grow from 3, 68,000 in 2001 to 8,55,821 in 2033 as per the table 1 shown below. The population of Jalgaon city will increase nearly 43% till 2033. The municipal solid waste generated in the city is 226 tons/day as shown in Table (3). TABLE (1) Population Projection [6] Method Population Projection Geometric rate of increase 2001 2006 2011 2021 2033 368000 430903 530607 693214 855821 With rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth the municipal solid waste (MSW) which has been a problem in past has become a serious threat in recent years and the situation is going to be worst in coming years if appropriate measures are not taken immediately, keeping in view the seriousness of the issue and its linkages with the economic growth, environmental degradation and health hazards. Dumping the waste as a waste has two fold negative implications. On the other hand, it pollutes the air, water and land resulting in diseases and destruction of human habitat. Garbage collection and disposal, as SWM was known earlier, constituted an obligatory function of the municipalities and continues to be so. As per the guidelines of Honorable Supreme Court of March 1999 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, September 2000, solid waste management system has been recognized. However, comprehensive rules at the national level came to be framed only after the Supreme Court passed orders in the public interest. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) notified the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in September 2000 and they are applicable to every municipal body in the country. It was mandatory for the city of Jalgaon also to revamp its SWM services, since there is a need to make substantial improvement in the SWM practices prevailing in the city to meet the standards. It was necessary to address this problem systematically by going into all aspects of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) and devise a simple but cost effective system which must ensure desired level of collection, transportation and disposal. The civic services in the city of Jalgaon are managed by Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation. Managing solid waste generated in the city collection, transportation and its safe disposal is one of the most priority area of attention for improvement of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in light of the MSW Rules 2000. Like most of the cities towns in India, this service falls short of the desired level in Jalgaon as the present systems adopted are outdated and inefficient to meet the standards (MSW Rules 2000). Lot of factors contribute to this present status, the main being lack of knowledge and improper choice of technology coupled with a lack of long term planning. Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation has initiated the process of taking correctiv e measures by implementing a new collection and transportation system along with processing and disposal system comparable to those of modern era. Figure. 1. Solid Waste Disposal Sites [5] 3.1 Existing Status of Collection and Disposal The Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is responsible for collection, disposal and management of MSW within the city. Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population waste collection and its transportation and disposal is a challenging task to the urban local bodies. No specific land was reserved for compost depot in the sanctioned development plan of the old city limits. The waste generated is disposed in an unscientific manner. The manpower and transport system is inadequate for the waste management of the city. The solid waste generated in the city mainly consists of domestic refuse (including slum area), waste from commercial areas, vegetable and fruit markets, slaughter houses, bio-medical wastes, wastes from hotels and restaurants and industrial solid wastes [7]. The waste generation is large in the high-income groups followed by middle and low-income group. TABLE (2) Physical composition of solid waste in Jalgaon city[5] Sr. No. Physical Composition Income Groups (%) LIG MIG HIG 1 Compostable 45.0 72.2 68.0 2 Paper 4.5 4.25 5.5 3 Plastic 3.5 2.9 3.6 4 Glass 0.9 0.0 09.0 5 Metal 0.5 0.0 0.5 6 Rag 5.4 0.13 1.7 7 Earthen matter 40.0 20.3 11.4 8 Leather 0.2 0.22 0.3 The average collection efficiency for MSW in Indian Cities is about 72.5% and around 70% of the cities lack adequate waste transport capacities (TERI 1998). Open dumping of garbage facilitates the breeding for disease vectors such flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and other pests (CPCB 2000) FUTURE SCENARIO Waste generation and its impacts in India, the amount of waste generated per capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1% 1.33% annually [8]. The calculated value of per capita waste generation in 1997 is 0.468 kg. It is estimated that the total waste quantity generated in 2047 would be approximately above 260 million tones more than five times the present level. Generation of waste in Jalgaon City The Jalgaon Municipal area is subdivided in 16 health units for collection and transportation of waste. The average per capita waste generation is 0.491kg/capita/day [12]. The amount of waste generated is about 226 tons per day as shown in Table (3). Proposed Technological Inventions Jalgaon city has lagged behind in terms of adopting technologies for solid waste management. In particular, collection, treatment and disposal of waste require urgent consideration. Collection of waste The preferred option would be to revamp the existing collection service structure to provide community with waste bins, conveniently placed for the people to deposit domestic waste, and door to door collection of waste [9]. Solid waste treatment and disposal techniques Disposal is a no alternative option because it is the last functional element in the solid waste management system and ultimate fate of all waste that are of no further value. Proper segregation of waste would lead to better options and opportunities for its scientific disposal [10]. Recyclable for example, could be straightway transported to recycling units, which, in turn, would pay the corporation for it, thereby increasing their income. Finally, the inert material that will be required to be sent to landfill would be of much lower quantity compared to un-segregated waste, consequently increasing the life of our existing disposal facilities. Segregation should be done into following ways for Jalgaon city, Wet organic matter Composting Dry organic matter Fuel bricks Plastic items Recycling Construction waste Paving blocks Scrap materials Recycling Inert other materials Land filling Strategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon City Dry Organic Matter Plastic Items Construction Waste Scrap Materials Inert and other Building Materials Wet Organic Matter Composting Fuel Bricks Recycling Paving Blocks Recycling Land filling Segregation Waste Disposal Site TS- 1 TS- 1 TS- 1 TS- 1 HU-2 HU-12 HU-13 HU-14 HU-1 HU-3 HU-4 HU-16 HU-5 HU-6 HU-7 HU-8 HU-9 HU-10 HU-11 HU-15 Figure 2. Strategic Planning (Flow Diagram) For SWM For Jalgaon City Solid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon City Collection Home to Home Collection Mechanical Road Swiping Manual Road Swiping Bulk Generator Litter Bins Transfer Station (Compactor) Transportation Processing and Disposal Processing Unit Segregation Wet Organic Matter Wet Organic Matter Dry Organic Matter Plastic Items Construction Waste Scrap Material Inert and other Building Material Fuel Bricks Recycling Paving Blocks Recycling Land filling Figure 3. Solid Waste Collection, Transportation Model for Jalgaon City Composting Composting is one system which transforms the biodegradable organic material into biologically stable material and in the process reduce the organic volume of waste; to destroy pathogens, insects eggs and other unwanted organisms and weed seed that may be present in municipal solid waste and to retain the maximum nutrient (NPK) content and to produce a product that can be used to support plant growth and as soil amendment [11]. The solid waste from Jalgaon city has been found to contain on an average range of 30 to 40% biodegradable matter. Apart from it, the CN ratio of waste (i.e. 20) on average is within range required for composting i.e. 20 to 25% [11] It was estimated that depending on locality and climate 450 to 500kg of compost can be produced from 1 tons of waste. Based on above discussion it is recommended that composting can be considered as safe, economic disposal method of municipal solid waste generated from Jalgaon city. Dry organic matter may be used for preparation of fuel bricks as energy source. After segregation of solid waste recyclable items are separated out and resource can be utilized for paving blocks. Land filling Solid waste management may be used to improve natural features by raising the level of low lying land to enable it to be used for cultivation or industrial development. The percentage of inert, inorganic and non-biodegradable organic matter is present in adequate quantity in solid waste of Jalgaon city and as for as this quantity is concerned the use of sanitary land filling seems alternative to use as means of disposal land filling method is cheapest method of refuse disposal. TABLE (3) Total Waste Generation for Jalgaon City [5] Health Unit Nature of Generators And Expected Quantity in Kilograms 0.491 / Capita / Day Residents Families Commercial Property Hotels Road Sweeping Debris Nos Quantity of Waste Generated in Kg Nos Quantity of Waste Generated in Kg Nos Quantity of Waste Generated in Kg Length of the Road in Km Quantity of Waste Generated in Kg 1 7555 14221 22 5.87 4 72.28 21.37 1942.11 2 7020 10377 265 70.76 10 180.7 39.49 3588.85 3 5821 10474 2704 721.97 44 795.08 24.26 2204.75 4 5012 9019 4569 1219.92 45 813.15 15.6 1417.73 5 4456 8020 163 43.52 1 18.07 9.06 823.37 6 5714 10286 589 157.26 40 722.8 31.52 2864.54 7 3766 6639 1490 397.83 75 1355.25 16.81 1527.69 8 6166 11096 747 199.45 30 542.1 27.12 2464.67 9 3905 8604 379 101.19 5 90.35 22.07 2005.72 10 11565 20277 1354 361.52 18 325.26 30.62 2782.75 11 6633 11939 209 55.8 11 198.77 28.81 2618.25 12 8374 14653 372 99.32 40 722.8 34.67 3150.81 13 3430 6173 766 204.52 27 487.89 23.05 2094.78 14 10726 19307 383 102.26 9 162.63 29.23 2656.42 15 2375 3816 823 219.74 14 252.98 27.76 2522.83 16 6070 12066 144 38.45 9 162.63 38.12 3464.35 98588 176967 14979 3999.39 382 6902.74 419.56 38129.61 Total Waste Generation in Tones: 226 CONCLUSION Based on physical composition and characteristics of solid waste in Jalgaon city composting can effectively handle solid waste containing wet organic matter in Jalgaon city. For collection of solid waste door to door collection system will be effective one, vehicle. For that purpose Jalgaon city must be divided into 16 health units four transfer stations are recommended. After segregation of solid waste wet organic matter must be used for composting dry organic material to be used for for fuel bricks, plastic items, iron items, scrap material to be used for recycling pupose. Inert and other building material should be used for land filling. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The literature reviewed in this paper is the part of ongoing thesis work named Solid waste management techniques for Jalgaon city at SGB University, Amravati under the guidance of Prof. M. Iqbal. The author thanks the Principal, J. T. M. C. O. E. Faizpur, Dist- Jalgaon for extending all facilities for conducting the research work.

Characterization in Sister Carrie Essay -- Sister Carrie Essays

Characterization in Sister Carrie      Ã‚   The theme of unrequited love and unfulfilled ambitions, against a backdrop of a nation being transformed by industrialism and capitalism, provides the substance of Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie.   During the late 19th Century we encounter three main characters who demonstrate this underlying motif:   Carrie Meeber, Charles H. Drouet, and George W. Hurstwood.   Carrie will fulfill many of her desires for riches and success, but her insatiable appetite will leave her feeling dissatisfied at the end of the novel and all alone.   With respect to the two men who most covet her affections, Charles Drouet and George Hurstwood we have a study in contrasts.   About the only thing Drouet and Hurstwood have in common is that they both desire Carrie's love.   Both Drouet and Hurstwood love Carrie, but Drouet is a materialist and Hurstwood is a romanticist - a fact that will enable Drouet to survive the loss of Carrie as Hurstwood commits suicide over the loss.    From early in the novel we see Drouet established as a representative of the new America - industrialism, capitalism, and nouveau riche successes.   When Carrie meets Drouet on the train, his manners and fine dress impress her but they are only a cover for an identity that believes he needs to impress others to be successful.   In other words, Drouet's manners and attitudes are put on like so many new clothes, discarded when they no longer fit his purposes.   However, it is exactly these superficial qualities that impress Carrie Meeber, a young woman on her way to Chicago to make her way in the world.   Carrie eventually succumbs to the clothes, money, and housing Drouet lavishes on her, but it is her desires and his money that unite them ... ... to escape the reality of their lives through material pursuits.   Hurstwood cannot do so and as a result succumbs to this inability in the face of such heartaches and losses.      WORKS   CITED          Eby, C. V.   Cultural and historical contexts in Sister Carrie.   Univ. of Pennsylvania Library.   Available: http://www. library.upenn.edu/special/dreiser/scculhist.html, 2001: 1-5. Moers, E.   The Blizzard.   In Sister Carrie.   Edited by Donald Pizer, (2nd edit.).   New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991: 525-533. Dreiser, T.   Sister Carrie.   Edited by Donald Pizer, (2nd edit.).   New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991. Warren, R. P.   Sister Carrie.   In Sister Carrie.   Edited by Donald Pizer, (2nd edit.).   New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1991: 534-542. 1                                                

African influence on Western Culture Essay

Africa, a continent with a not so peaceful history, has always been mysterious and amazing, all at the same time. â€Å"Afri† was a Latin name used to refer to the Carthaginians who lived in Northern Africa from the 9th century B.C to the 7th century A.D when the last Punic culture was destroyed in the Arab conquest. Before I start recounting my general point of view on the topic above, I would like to share a brief opinion about multiculturalism. Defining it is not that simple. Some people refer to multiculturalism as a word that describes society where many different cultures live together in peace. But is it always like that? What about inherent racism and fear? Over the last few years, lots of people have been exploiting it in order to abuse other cultures and discriminate people who are different from them. In a normal world, they would be reprimanded and heavily fined. In most countries, that’s not the case and even the authorities do not care about them. On the other hand, all cultures deserve respect, including the African ones. Cultures have been developed over centuries to allow people to live together, reasonably and peacefully. Multiculturalism can mean a country accepting some practices it tends to object to, but it can also mean that a culture becomes exposed to other ways of living, which could have quite a bad impact on the other dwellers. In conclusion, we must learn that accepting people as they are is of great importance. It is important to respect each other, and one should know that living by moral standards is one irreplaceable thing.

Free Essays on Roman Art

Greek and Roman art gave Western art its classical foundation in form, line, structure, and meaning. These two periods gave a great deal of impact and inspiration to our arts and our lives. Many of our structures and sculptures have at least some form of influence from these classical periods. Some of the examples are Epidaurus Theater, The Colosseum, The Parthenon, Temple of Fortuna Virilis, The Panthenon, and the Discus Thrower. Epidaurus Theater and Colosseum exemplifies the classic artistic inheritance in many ways. Epidaurus Theater and Colosseum were both made for entertainment just like our amphitheaters today. Epiduarus Theater was built for performing plays. The middle center is called orchestra and most action took place within here (Janson 138). The seats were curved around the orchestra and went up like a staircase. Hundreds of people could be seated and play can be seen without much difficulty. People also had no trouble hearing what the actors and actresses were saying. They had seats in the front made out of marble for the upper class people, and the top rows were made out of stone for lower class people. The Colosseum was built for gladiatorial games. It was a massive structure that could fit more than 50,000 spectators (182). It usually had three floors with eighty-five entrances, which let people exit and enter into the arena very quickly. The doors were decorated with classical Doric columns on the ground floor followed by Ionic and Corinthian (182). The stage can be adjusted to the environment it needed to be in for the performance. It also had seats for higher class at the bottom made of marble and stone seats on top for lower class citizens. Epidaurus Theater looks just like our amphitheaters today where plays and concerts are performed. They also have places in the back of the stage for actors and actresses to stand by and change. The Colosseum looks like our sports arena and Olympic stadiums. The main ... Free Essays on Roman Art Free Essays on Roman Art The Emperor Constantine made Christianity legal when he himself converted. One of the famous stories about Constantine is of his vision from God on the night before the battle of the Milvian Bridge. According to the legend, Constantine saw the symbol of Jesus Christ’s power in the clouds and a message written in Latin, which read â€Å"In this sign thou shalt conquer.† Immediately, Constantine ordered artisans to place the sign of Christ on his soldier’s shields. The effect of the legalization on the development of the Early Christian church was considerable. The church was thrilled to have Constantine convert; it was a milestone, the emperor of a nation thousands of years old and deeply rooted in their own beliefs one day legalizing and adopting this new religion. This represented the link between the Early Christian church and the state. Art of the time was affected too; there was more of a focus on content than representation. The portrait of Constantine, from the Basilica of Constantine, a huge statue thirty feet high is a good example of content over representation. This was becoming more and more the norm. His eyes were gigantic, (abstract like), and looking upward. His nose is oversized and they use linear lines to identify his hair. Churches started to flourish and Christianity, they were being built in homes. The Basilica of Maxantius was built for Constantine. There was a clear focus at the end of the long axis, toward the alter. The churches were mostly rectangular or â€Å"T† shaped. The outside of these buildings were made to look minimalist, a quality attributing the poverty of Christ. The inside of the churches were not decorated for the same reason, but eventually became highly ornamented. The Basilica at Trier was part of Constantine’s palace; the long flat walls on the outside are plain, except for the arches. Christianity was starting to adopt a classical Roman sense, but the external re... Free Essays on Roman Art Greek and Roman art gave Western art its classical foundation in form, line, structure, and meaning. These two periods gave a great deal of impact and inspiration to our arts and our lives. Many of our structures and sculptures have at least some form of influence from these classical periods. Some of the examples are Epidaurus Theater, The Colosseum, The Parthenon, Temple of Fortuna Virilis, The Panthenon, and the Discus Thrower. Epidaurus Theater and Colosseum exemplifies the classic artistic inheritance in many ways. Epidaurus Theater and Colosseum were both made for entertainment just like our amphitheaters today. Epiduarus Theater was built for performing plays. The middle center is called orchestra and most action took place within here (Janson 138). The seats were curved around the orchestra and went up like a staircase. Hundreds of people could be seated and play can be seen without much difficulty. People also had no trouble hearing what the actors and actresses were saying. They had seats in the front made out of marble for the upper class people, and the top rows were made out of stone for lower class people. The Colosseum was built for gladiatorial games. It was a massive structure that could fit more than 50,000 spectators (182). It usually had three floors with eighty-five entrances, which let people exit and enter into the arena very quickly. The doors were decorated with classical Doric columns on the ground floor followed by Ionic and Corinthian (182). The stage can be adjusted to the environment it needed to be in for the performance. It also had seats for higher class at the bottom made of marble and stone seats on top for lower class citizens. Epidaurus Theater looks just like our amphitheaters today where plays and concerts are performed. They also have places in the back of the stage for actors and actresses to stand by and change. The Colosseum looks like our sports arena and Olympic stadiums. The main ...

The SoCalled Golden Age of Women essays

The SoCalled Golden Age of Women essays The occurrence of events during a specific period of time always introduces different mentalities and ideas to everybody in the world. Such is the case with the so-called "Golden Age" for women, which took place int he colonial period. Many scholars say that the women who immigrated to the United States from Britain during the colonizing years enjoyed many privileges that thei other sisters from across the ocean did not have. This in turn brought the notion to label this specific period in time the "Golden Age" for women. On the other hand it is justified to ask just what specific "privileges" these women were given. In the "Myth of the Golden Age" by Mary Beth Norton, the reader can clearly see that indeed there was no "Golden Age" through the author's rich word usage and syntax. The conception of the "Golden Age" was disected by the author so clearly that the rader can see why many people falsely label this time period. Wome now, then, and later will always be stereotyped as the lady of the house. The lady who washes, cleans the house, cooks, and trends to the entire family. While analyzing this, one must stop to think that back then women did not have all the modern day luxuries that we now have. Back then to cook a meal was a task that might take up all morning, and the lady of the house was the one for this task. She also was in charge of making the clothes that a family wore. All these labors were not only tiring, but "tedious and time consuming". Furthermore women were often left out of the "oral culture", because the places where men would pass the information were "male bastions". So therefore if women were going to find out about any news they relied on their husbands to elr them know. church attendance was much higher, because women always jumped at the chance to get away from their bleak lifestyle to have more contact with friends and relatives, since it was very rare...

Law Enforcement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Law Enforcement - Assignment Example tion team, follow-up investigation team, all can make several common mistakes or psychological pitfalls can be there that can result in erroneous criminal investigation. These common error and psychological pitfalls must be known beforehand in order to avoid them while conducting an investigation. After crime detection, the preliminary investigating officer has to conduct a thorough preliminary investigation. In order to investigate, he has to try to locate and identity the perpetrator of the crime. This location and identification requires interviewing of eyewitnesses in order to obtain information from them (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & United States of America, 1999). The first and foremost common error that an investigating officer can make is asking an eyewitness leading questions that can make him or her inform what he/she has not witnessed. The investigating officer should ask open-ended questions from the eyewitnesses and keep them separated if they are more than one, as one’s account can affect the other’s account. Witnesses should be instructed to â€Å"avoid discussing details of the accident with other potential witnesses† (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & United States of America, 1999, p. 16). The inve stigators should allow the eyewitnesses to explain the happening as elaborative as they can and in the description phase, the investigators as interviewers should not interrupt the interviewees or try to redirect them (Day & Marion, 2012). In addition to that, the investigators make another mistake while investigating eyewitnesses. They give unintentional signals with their body language, speaking tone, facial gestures, and other cues to the eyewitnesses that can influence the validity of the eyewitness evidence (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & United States of America, 1999). Day and Marion (2012) inform that any ‘fidgety behavior’ depicted by investigating officer can cause â€Å"fidgety

Essay problem-solution Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem-solution - Essay Example Global warming is led to by many causes. The rise in the carbon dioxide content is the most principle cause for this phenomenon. Industrialization is one of the most important reasons for carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere. The release of carbon dioxide from the fossil fuels that are used in these industries leads to an increase in the carbon dioxide levels in the air. Automobiles are another source of the emission of carbon dioxide in the air. The trees work as a shield against the issue of global warming as they take in the carbon dioxide from the air and release in return. Deforestation for industrialization and forest fires are thus another major cause of global warming as they lead to a reduction in the number of trees and thus this promotes the warming phenomenon of Earth. Global warming has brought with it many disastrous effects on the atmosphere and the environment. The warming results in an increase in the overall temperature of the world. This promotes the melting of the glaciers which are the ice reserves which in turn leads to an increase in the level of water in the rivers and the seas. A rise in the overall water level can be cause of floods and many small islands can be destroyed from the world map owing to this. Furthermore, floods are also a cause of the spread of diseases. Heat waves are also generated owing to the warming of the earth. These heat waves can be a reason of many deaths as well. Thus, global warming provides for many damaging results for the earth’s atmosphere as well as for mankind. The issue of global warming should be taken seriously and steps should be taken on the global level to prevent further deterioration. The emission of greenhouse gases should be controlled. Alternative fuels should be introduced for the motor vehicles to prevent the emission of gases. The usage of public transport should be promoted to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Guidelines for industries should also be laid down which may